The History Of My Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The History Of My Family - Essay Example Moving to the new land was, however, not a bed of roses. It meant that they had to go where it was occupied. During those times, the legal system was still unknown. Therefore, when it came to land ownership, my ancestors had to fight. If they win, then they take over the ownership of the land. When my ancestors, therefore, migrated, they went to a place, which was occupied by a different race. On realizing my ancestors’ arrival, the natives were not at ease. They thought that my ancestors were going to take over their resources. Therefore, they discriminated and prejudiced them, hoping that they will feel unwelcomed and would eventually leave. However, my ancestors were strong and courageous. The discrimination that was seen when it came to watering the livestock was not something to scare my ancestors. Though the natives would go and try to prevent other people, especially of other races from getting access to the watering points, my ancestors still found their way to the wat ering points, especially because they were strong and daring. Grazing grounds were the other places where discrimination was evident. However, owed to the determination of my ancestors to feed their livestock, they made their way through the opposition. Due to the kind of livelihood, which was seen during the times of my ancestors, my foster father told me that the use of ethnic or racial slurs was something normal among my ancestors. The livelihood of those times called for a lot of competition for limited resources.... However, my ancestors were strong and courageous. The discrimination that was seen when it came to watering the livestock was not something to scare my ancestors. Though the natives would go and try to prevent other people, especially of other races from getting access to the watering points, my ancestors still found their way to the watering points, especially because they were strong and daring. Grazing grounds were the other places where discrimination was evident. However, owed to the determination of my ancestors to feed their livestock, they made their way through the opposition. Due to the kind of livelihood, which was seen during the times of my ancestors, my foster father told me that the use of ethnic or racial slurs was something normal among my ancestors. The livelihood of those times called for a lot of competition for limited resources. Therefore, often, the neighboring races constantly did many things that in one way or the other, offended my ancestors. Among these thi ngs were refusing my ancestors to cross their territories, being jealous of my ancestors’ possessions, and bewitching their animals. Therefore, my ancestors were always honest. They always said the truth, and therefore, when they found the races being associated with any evil thing, they addressed them in the same evil thing. For the mean races, they called them. On the other hand, when they found some races bewitching their livestock out of jealousy, they referred to them as bewitchers. They did this so that their children would know how to be careful with these people. The use of slurs generally was a means of cautioning the next generation, so that when it came to such issues as marriage or other associations, they would be careful with such

Plate Tectonics Essay Example for Free

Plate Tectonics Essay The theory of Plate Tectonics covers the extent on how the Earth moves and performs. Findings in the mid 1960s show that the theory is one of the reasons why magnetism, wide distribution of volcanoes, earthquakes, plants, and animal fossils are existing up to the present. The plates usually wriggle like a spinning wheel that they sometimes smash into each other causing a major impact on the Earth’s floor. Likewise, the Plate Tectonics is identified as one of the causes of long-term climate changes, distribution of abound organisms, mountain building, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other major effects of the movement of the continents. As some theorists would explain, the plates composing the Lithosphere, the outer portion of the earth, move around the Earth’s crust which is embedded with continents on it. The plates beneath the continents may share out and cause a crack or a hole in the continental outer shell that fills the sea water. It was found out then that the global temperatures, after the movement, keep rising that could melt most mountain glaciers which will cause a rise in the sea level. This unusual phenomena of changing sea water, atmospheric conditions, and the Earth’s temperature bring forth the evolution of abound organisms, existence of mountain building, earthquakes, volcanic eruption and other extreme changes in the Earth’s floor. The Plate Tectonics caused major impacts on the ocean water. And because of this, the Atlantic Ocean is becoming largely extensive. But as some would see, the earth is sphere-shaped, thus, there should be a place where the entire changes of Atlantic Oceana will meet together. Scholars are afraid that this place will be in the Pacific Ocean and it will become smaller as the movement of continents goes by. Most areas that will be affected are those that are located along subduction zones bringing forth western North America and Asia to come closer together. In the long run, the Pacific Ocean will completely close while Asia and North America will meet up and form a new super continent.

education in America Essay -- essays research papers

The United States has been teaching its students for countless years now. Today's education process in the United States is that of the banking process. Paulo Freire gives light to a new and advanced process by which America should learn by, one that will prove to be an investment for the nations society, and soon will. For years now we have been learning in Americas institutions for the first eighteen to twenty-five years of our lives. Always being taught by our teachers and professors, hoping that what they say will give us light to a hopeful future. Students generally sit in a classroom and absorb or bank, to put it in words of Paulo Freire, the information given or taught by the teachers. According to Paulo Freire we take information given to us by teachers and categorize the information away for later use. Freire contends that when knowledge is passed vertically from teacher to student in the banking concept the knowledge is stored in the brains and cataloged away. An inefficient way to learn that holds us back from reaching our full potential. We, the students, never question the validity of the information. We simply understand that the teacher is right and we take for granted what the teacher gives us. Who says that all information is actually valid, how do we know until we, the students, actually do it. If a student reads in a text that a certain plant when eaten tastes sweet and another tastes bitter the students are then supposed to take for granted that what th... education in America Essay -- essays research papers The United States has been teaching its students for countless years now. Today's education process in the United States is that of the banking process. Paulo Freire gives light to a new and advanced process by which America should learn by, one that will prove to be an investment for the nations society, and soon will. For years now we have been learning in Americas institutions for the first eighteen to twenty-five years of our lives. Always being taught by our teachers and professors, hoping that what they say will give us light to a hopeful future. Students generally sit in a classroom and absorb or bank, to put it in words of Paulo Freire, the information given or taught by the teachers. According to Paulo Freire we take information given to us by teachers and categorize the information away for later use. Freire contends that when knowledge is passed vertically from teacher to student in the banking concept the knowledge is stored in the brains and cataloged away. An inefficient way to learn that holds us back from reaching our full potential. We, the students, never question the validity of the information. We simply understand that the teacher is right and we take for granted what the teacher gives us. Who says that all information is actually valid, how do we know until we, the students, actually do it. If a student reads in a text that a certain plant when eaten tastes sweet and another tastes bitter the students are then supposed to take for granted that what th...

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies opens with the introduction of a small group of English boys that are marooned on an island. The plane was evacuating them from atomic war-ridden England. This is a suiting time for this novel to be written- it shows how savage even little boys can be, and that adults are no different, with their wars and cruelties. A small society is set up, but Jack starts his own rule, contrary to Ralph's leadership. The boys turn on each other, eventually killing Simon in the middle of a hunting dance, and smashing a boulder on Piggy. The choice of "young English lads" is perfect- if, perhaps, "foreign ruffians" were chosen, a stereotypical person might expect cruel and savage behavior. On the contrary, these boys were the "cream of the crop", and all it took was a little trouble on an island to turn them into killing machines. The time is one that the world is turning on each other, and the boys follow suit and turn on each other. Their society is an ironic model of the real world around them. Many countries today are turning on each other, with violent wars and cruelties. Lord of the Flies shows one that mankind must choose to stop cruelty or face destruction. Many people do not believe in violence or cruelty, unless they are in power. When humans strive for power, they get so power hungry that the power backfires. When one is in total control power, one often turns into a more savage person than that same person that is under a rule or with the absence of a ruler does. Humans were not meant to be ruled or to rule. To coexist is mankind's purpose, yet with no rule, there is often an absence of order, but with a human rule, there is always conflict in society. Society today has order, but violence is also prevalent. Near the end of the novel, many of the boys start a fire to smoke out Ralph, and that same fire gets bigger and bigger and eventually is what a ship sees and saves Ralph's life and rescues the boys. What at first was made to bring the death of Ralph later saved him. In human society, and even in the animal kingdom, violent acts may turn into a salvation. Many animals must kill one another to eat.

The Advantage of Mixed Economy

A mixed economy lies between the opposite poles of a free-market economy and a centrally planned, or socialist, system. A mixed system combines capitalist and socialist elements, and is sometimes referred to as a â€Å"third way.† Most nations, including the United States, operate mixed economies with varying combinations of capitalist and socialist features. Mixed systems offer a variety of benefits, including free enterprise and private ownership, as well as a social safety net and the capacity for government intervention when needed. Free Enterprise †¢ Free enterprise and private ownership–two essential characteristics of a free-market economy–remain part of a mixed economic system. Under such a system, individuals are free to own property and operate for-profit businesses. The specific level and extent of free enterprise varies across countries. Some nations, such as the United States, emphasize free enterprise and private ownership of industry, while other countries' systems involve state ownership of some industries, such as transportation, energy and utilities. In addition, privately owned industries may be subject to a variety of government regulations. Social Safety Net †¢ One of the primary benefits of a mixed economy is the existence of a government-funded social safety net, which exists to provide at least a minimal level of subsistence for citizens. Sometimes referred to as a â€Å"welfare state,† the benefits under this safety net include, but are not limited to, a publicly funded healthcare system for all citizens or at least some segments of the population, minimum wage laws, unemployment insurance and a publicly funded pension system. A pure market system with private ownership of industry and only minimal state intervention in the economy would, in theory at least, leave such social benefits to private charities. The United States' mixed economic system includes the Social Security system, a federal minimum wage law and healthcare benefits for the elderly under Medicare. Other nations, such as Canada, have universal healthcare systems. Ability to Intervene †¢ The mixed economic system is based on the idea that government can improve economic outcomes through fiscal or monetary policy action. A mixed system gives government the flexibility to intervene in the economy in times of emergency. The best example of this was in 2008, when a global financial crisis threatened to plunge the economy into a global depression. The United States and other nations moved to stabilize their financial systems. The U.S. government, for its part, provided more than $700 billion in â€Å"bailout† funds to enable the nation's banks to clear toxic assets, backed by troubled mortgages, from their books.

Your Discussion Chapter Will Be Bright

Your Discussion Chapter Will Be Bright Writing a Dissertation Chapter – Discussion If you feel worried about the future of your dissertation, join the ranks of students who are worried like you. Believe it or not, every other student has serious concerns about whether he or she will be able to finish the dissertation on time. It is difficult to say anything, since every dissertation is unique. However, every student is in a position to improve the quality of his or her writing. We have developed these recommendations to help you cope with the discussion chapter of your project. It is a very important piece of your work, where you will need to discuss the results of your experiment or investigation in the context of previous findings. In essence, writing a dissertation chapter is telling your readers what they can learn from your work. You will also need to include some information on how significant your findings are for your practice and future research. So, what do you do to write a perfect discussion chapter for your dissertation? First, you must be confident that you can do it. Developing confidence is probably the most difficult thing about writing a dissertation. However, it is not enough to be certain that you can be a perfect academic writer. What is needed is a thorough understanding of your subject, the results of your study, and the extent to which they fit or do not fit in previous research. Be ready to accept a simple fact that readers will not take your claims for granted. They may not believe you, no matter how convincing you are. Thus, your confidence must be scholarly. It essentially means that you must be ready to prove your claims and use as much scholarly evidence as you can to support your findings. Another important thing to remember is that you must be creative. You must use your analytical and critical thinking skills to understand how the results of your study meet the broader demands of your professional community. Be creative. Imagine that this dissertation is a matter of your life or death in your future profession and career. Now think of the way your dissertation will be structured. Apparently, all dissertations have a set of mandatory components. These are introduction, literature review, methods, findings, and discussion. So, your main task here is to decide if you want to write your dissertation as a separate component of your dissertation or have it merged with other sections, for example, the section for results. The proposed structure is used widely in dissertation writing. However, the problem is that it is the dead end of dissertation writing. It leaves little room for imagination and creativity. At the same time, it allows readers to find the information they need quickly, without scanning the entire dissertation as it may take hours. You are the one to decide which format and style you want to pursue in your work. However, do not forget that your dissertation must meet the requirements and instructions developed by your supervisor. You are not entirely free in your decisions about dissertation writing. Ultimately, if your university requires that you rely on the traditional dissertation structure, you will not be able to change that. Now about your discussion section – you may want to place it separately from other chapters, or you may want to link it to your other sections such as results, and in ways which create a more coherent picture of your experimental findings or investigation results. You can make the final decision, taking into account all possible variables, including the purpose and intent of your project and even the discipline you are in. Medical professionals may want their discussion section to operate separately from other sections of the dissertation, while graduates in sociology and history may want more integrity and structure in their works. So, now you know the difficulties you may encounter when crafting your discussion chapter. It is time to overcome them. Use the advice below to write a perfect discussion section for your dissertation: Compare and contrast. This writing technique never loses its relevance. Create a table and include the results of your work and the findings of similar experiments in the past. You will see the similarities and differences that will translate into a coherent piece of writing. You can begin with a simple reiteration of your findings. Create a simple picture and then make it more complicated, step by step. Add new information to explain your decisions and justify your recommendations. One more advice you could follow when working on your dissertation chapter is using your null hypothesis. Apparently, you assume that there is some null hypothesis suggesting that your variables are not related in any way. Now try to explain why is that? If you take your null hypothesis as a starting point for your discussion, it will mean that, probably, your findings are meaningless. Can you tell me why? Answer this question and surprise your reader. Ask your friend or family member to help you. Imagine that you are writing for them. You can record your speech or present your discussion in writing. Ask your audience to evaluate your successes. Use their recommendations to improve the quality of your writing. Consider the limitations of your experiment. These limitations will help your readers understand the significance of your story.

DREDD SCOTT essays

DREDD SCOTT essays America in 1857 was a nation on the brink. Relationship between the North and South had been strained for decades and was only getting worse. All tension had to do with the issues of slavery. In 1848 the U.S. had acquired new lands in the Mexican cession, and the debate was on. The question was whether or not the South should be allowed to spread slavery into the new states. This debate turned violent many times. The South threatened to secede from the Union if a candidate from the Republican party, who was antislavery, won. Amidst all of the tension would emerge a slave named Dredd Scott. Dredd Scott was a slave to Dr. John Emerson in St.Louis, Missouri a slave state. Scott spent most of his time in Illinois, a free state, because his owner Dr. Emerson was an Army doctor and he stayed in Fort Armstrong in Illinois. Living in a free state had constituted freedom for previous slaves so Scott felt that he too deserved his freedom and he brought his first case to court on April 6, 1846, at this time he had moved back to Missouri and was the property of Dr. Emersons wife. Scott filed a declaration on April 6, 1846,which stated that Mrs. Emerson had beat, bruised and ill treated him before imprisoning him for twelve hours. He declared that he was to be free on the basis that he had lived of Fort Armstrong and Fort Snelling which were both located in free states. Scott felt that he had a strong case as the Supreme Court of Missouri had freed slaves previous to him who had also traveled with their masters to free states. Scott lost the first case and brought the case up again in 1850 to the Supreme Court of Missouri, the same court which had freed slaves previous on the same terms. The difference now was that two of the three justices serving on the court were pro-slavery whereas in cases prior to Scott vs. Emerson the Justices had a more apathetic view of slavery and saw it as a...

Pennsylvania Vital Records - Births, Deaths Marriages

Pennsylvania Vital Records - Births, Deaths Marriages Learn how and where to obtain birth, marriage, and death certificates and records in Pennsylvania, including the dates for which Pennsylvania vital records are available, where they are located, and links to online Pennsylvania vital records databases. Pennsylvania Vital Records: Division of Vital RecordsState Department of HealthCentral Building101 South Mercer Street, Room 401P.O. Box 1528New Castle, PA 16101Phone: (724) 656-3100 What You Need to Know:Check or money order should be made payable to Division of Vital Records. Personal checks are accepted. Call or visit the Web site to verify current fees. All requests for 1906 and later records MUST include the signature and photo ID of the individual requesting the record. The online request service is not available for genealogy requests. Pennsylvania Birth Records Dates: From 1 January 1906 Cost of copy: $20.00 (certified from State Vital Records); $5.00 (non-certified from the State Archives) Comments: Access to Pennsylvania records of birth that occurred less than 105 years ago is restricted to immediate family members and legal representatives (spouse, parent, siblings, children, grandparents, grandchildren). Other family members (cousins, etc.) can obtain a copy of a birth certificate only if the individual is deceased and a copy of the death certificate is submitted with the request. Birth records older than 105 years are open to the public. With your request, include as much as you can of the following: the name on the birth record being requested, date of birth, place of birth (city or county), fathers full name, (last, first, middle), mothers full name, including her maiden name, your relationship to the person whose certificate is being requested, your purpose for needing the copy, your daytime telephone number with area code, your handwritten signature and complete return mailing address.Application for Certified Birth Certificate   Non-certified copies  of birth certificates  are only available for the years 1906- 1909 and  of death certificates for the years 1906–1964. These can be obtained from the State Archives, not through State Vital Records * For earlier records, write to Register of Wills, Orphans Court, in the county seat of county where event occurred. Persons born in Pittsburgh from 1870 to 1905 or in Allegheny City, now part of Pittsburgh, from 1882 to 1905 should write to the Office of the Register of Wills for Allegheny County. For events occurring in the City of Philadelphia from 1860 to 1915, contact the City of Philadelphia Archives (be sure to ask for a non-certified, genealogy copy). Online:Pennsylvania Birth Records, 1906–1908  with images and index available as a subscription database on Ancestry.com; free to residents of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania Birth Indices, 1906–1910 (free) Pennsylvania Death Records Dates: From 1 January 1906 Cost of copy: $9.00 (certified from State Vital Records); $5.00 (non-certified from the State Archives) Comments: Access to death records older than 50 years in Pennsylvania is restricted to immediate and extended family members and legal representatives. Records older than fifty years are open to the public and accessible through the Pennsylvania State Archives. With your request, include as much as you can of the following: the name on the death record being requested, date of death, place of death (city or county), your relationship to the person whose certificate is being requested, your purpose for needing the copy, your daytime telephone number with area code, your handwritten signature and complete return mailing address.Application for Certified Death Certificate * For earlier records, write to Register of Wills, Orphans Court, in the county seat of county where event occurred. Persons who died in Pittsburgh from 1870 to 1905 or in Allegheny City, now part of Pittsburgh, from 1882 to 1905 should write to Office of the Register of Wills for Allegheny County. For events occurring in City of Philadelphia from 1860 to 1915, contact the City of Philadelphia Archives (be sure to ask for a non-certified, genealogy copy). Online:Pennsylvania Death Indices, 1906–1965  (free)Pittsburgh City Deaths, 1870–1905Philadelphia City Death Certificates, 1803-1915Pennsylvania Deaths 1852–1854  (Ancestry.com subscription required) available for 49 of 64 counties Pennsylvania Marriage Records Dates: Varies by county Cost of Copy: Varies Comments: Send your request to the Marriage License Clerk for the County Court House in the county where the marriage license was issued. Online:Pennsylvania County Marriages, 1885–1950Philadelphia Marriage Indexes, 1885-1951Record of Marriages, 1885–1891; incomplete listing from various PA counties (free) Pennsylvania Divorce Records Dates: Varies by county Cost of copy: Varies Comments: Send your request to the Prothonotary for the County Court House where the divorce decree was granted.

Management practices-The case of global india Research Paper

Management practices-The case of global india - Research Paper Example The paper has examined the role of leaders in the Indian context and has also discussed a few case studies of some leading Indian companies. The findings are presented as a set of conclusions and reveal the gist of how Indian firms are successful and also certain disadvantages they have. The Indian economy has seen a contraction and for February, there was an overall contraction of –1.2% in the GDP for all overall economy. However, it has to be noted that the six core sectors had a growth of 2.2%. It must be reiterated that the Indian economy in the previous months for the 2008 had shown a growth of 7%. Inflation for February 2009 was at a rate of 3.45% and this actually went into a negative inflation of 1.27% in June 2009. The inflation has now climbed back to 1.2%. The fall in GDP has to be seen with the global perspective where the GDP of US, UK and Euro nations went into a recession in the later months of 2007 itself. When compared to these developed economies, the Indian economy has proved much more resilient. While there has been a certain of belt tightening in various industries and sectors, the banking sector has remained strong with no major failures of banks. Even the insurance and automotive sectors have not seen large-scale bankruptcies, job losse s and even frauds. There was one major fraud in the Indian IT industry with Satyam computers, but overall, the Indian industry has not seen frauds and disgraceful exits (FICCI, 2009). The main reason for the Indian economy to be so strong and resilient is that the core sectors have withstood the stresses of the economic recession. While exports form a major source of revenues for the IT industries, the other industries have sufficient internal demand and infrastructure industries such as steel, cement, construction have seen reductions in off take, but not a total closure. As seen in the above table, electricity, capital goods and

The Role of Thusong Community Centre in advancing development to Essay

The Role of Thusong Community Centre in advancing development to communities - Essay Example ratic government in 1994. Black and rural area residents did not have the opportunity of the urban people to receive quality government services. Principal challenge of new democratic government is to reduce the gap created by the previous government in receiving services irrespective of location of regions, status and race of people. In 1999 government introduced Multipurpose-Purpose Community Centers (MPCC) to reduce the gaps. Today, those community centers; are called Thusong Service Centers (TSC). ... These centres are established as communication development hubs based on Batho Pele values and principles, which place people first. TSC’s primary focus was on rural and underserviced communities to address their historical, social and economic factors thru access to information and citizen participation. It also included these communities’ socio-economic problems such as poverty, high unemployment, low standards of living (people living below the poverty line), poor access to basic services, remote settlement patterns, lack of access to technology and information, poor health services, insufficient education and skills and poor infrastructure (GCIS, 2001; 5). Since its introduction, TSC has undergone several changes to improve national coordination at the local level. In this regards TSC program created two phases’ activities. The phases are called first generation and second generation. According to a document released by the GCIS (2006: 7), the first generatio n phase is developed to establish one TSC in each district by December 2004. In fact, by December 2004, sixty-five centres were established that provides services to more than 700 areas not served previously. As of September 2009, countrywide 139 TSCs are established. The further roll-out of TSCs in each local municipality is a target set for 2014. In 2006, Cabinet approved the second generation Thusong Service Centres Business Plan. It describes different participants roles and responsibilities, provides guidelines on the sustainability of existing TSC, and focuses on the role of future centers. Second-generation TSC Program entails government’s commitment to build a responsive state where citizens and the

The Subway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Subway - Essay Example Overlooking Employee Needs and Expectations 8 b. Deficiency in Complying HRM Policies 9 c. Avoiding Ethical Norms 10 2.5 Conclusion 10 2.5.1 Summary 10 2.5.2 Practical Implications 11 2.5.3 Research Implications 11 References list 13 1. Introduction 1.1 Background of the Company Founded in the year 1965, Subway is regarded as one of the biggest American based fast-food restaurant franchisers, which is primarily renowned for its exceptional deliverance of submarine sandwiches along with broad assortment of fast-food products. Currently, the organisation is operating its business in 103 global nations with 40,975 numbers of fast-food outlets that correspondingly serves millions of customers (SUBWAY 2013). 1.2 Research Title, Question and Objectives Emphasising the current business practices along with various business functions of the organisation i.e. Subway, the title of this research is â€Å"Critically analyse the â€Å"ineffectiveness of employee's compensation & benefits at Sub way in Singapore.† ... In this context, the Human Resource (HR) policies of the organisations are often recognised to provide incomplete or insufficient beneficial aspects to their staff members. Therefore, the rationale of this research can be determined based upon critically assessing the importance of compensation and benefits that can be regarded as major elements of Human Resource Management (HRM) of an organisation. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Introduction to Literature Review Armstrong (2011) critically stated that the offering of an adequate compensation package or any financial incentive can build a productive relationship between the organisations and their respective employees. Therefore, the organisations must need to be ensured providing justifiable compensation and employee benefits. The process would significantly support the employers along with the employees to gain substantial support in attaining considerable growth (Armstrong, 2011). In relation to the present HR policies practiced by Subw ay, it can be affirmed that the organisation should highly focus on providing justifiable compensation facilities to the employees in order to increase its overall business performance and willingness towards attaining the organisational goals. This particular practice can help the organisation in building a strong along with an effective relationship with its employees, resulting in lessening employee turnover rates of the organisation at large. The study of Berber & et. al. (2012) provided a major rationale in determining the role of compensation and benefits within various organisations. The study has analytically demonstrated that effective practice of compensation facilitates an organisation to gain numerous financial and operational

Early Physiotherapy to Prevent Lymphoedema after Surgery Assignment

Early Physiotherapy to Prevent Lymphoedema after Surgery - Assignment Example In most research studies, there exist biases that may cause possible deviation of results. Choosing the most appropriate study methods is important to avoid instances of bias in research (Greenhalgh and Tylor 1997). Research appraisals assist in establishing the question posed by the author(s). It is vital for research studies to possess well-developed study questions relevant to the topic under study (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber 2010). In addition, the identified study questions must have applicable parameters and study populations and discern relevant outcomes. Statistical testing should be based on study hypotheses because they are fundamental in research studies (Greenhalgh and Tylor 1997). Appraisals assist in ascertaining the relevance of hypothesis testing the techniques used in a given study. Appraisal also contributes to determining whether research is based on practice (Brown 2014). Lacomba et al. (2010) carried out a study aiming at ascertaining the efficacy of early physiotherapy in post cancer surgery. An appraisal of the study carried out by Lacomba et al. (2010) reveals that there exist proper applications of interventions for physiotherapy sessions during post cancer surgery. Notably, the research conducted by Lacomba et al. (2010) is indispensable in promoting prevention of secondary lymphedema immediately after surgery. Even though the study was successful in addressing the hypothesis question, it had various limitations such as the recruiting of subjects from a single hospital. It is noteworthy that most single hospital recruitment may result in systematic variations during provision of care between other regions and the hospital. Lacomba et al. (2010) provide a vivid description of secondary lymphoedema within the first paragraph that clearly introduces the study.

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example It should always be borne in mind that the above-mentioned factors are subject to change and uncertainty and likewise Hengist House is not immune to change hence the need to have up-to-date information about their business environment if they are serious about its development. Whilst Brenda and Phillip may want to believe that their business is flourishing by virtue of a large number of visitors they get each year, a close analysis of their business shows that it is operating below capacity to a certain extent. As a result of underutilization of other vast facilities, their property is not earning them the maximum capacity it should be considering that it used to be a successful farm as well as tourist attraction. Indeed, the place is endowed with the resources that can generate large amounts of revenue if properly utilized and carefully marketed. It seems there is no proper planning the reason why some of the facilities that can be used to generate income are being underutilized. For instance, there are winter bulbs that flowered under the trees each February and even into March but nothing much was ever done to them by way of feeding or other care but they are among the most attractive features at the place. With proper planning and marketing of the plac e, there is no need for applying for grants or loans to develop the area but it would generate its own revenue that can be in turn used to spruce up the image of the place. Their place looks as if it is neglected hence may not appeal to many people. Winter tourism has great potential for business and Brenda and Philip have the property endowed with all qualities necessary for the business to flourish like all other property owners but they had little planning to harness this kind of business. In the absence of proper marketing strategies in place, though the owners would like to believe that they are making handsome business, it can still be argued that they are not using their competitive advantage compared to other competitors in the area.

Early Physiotherapy to Prevent Lymphoedema after Surgery Assignment

Early Physiotherapy to Prevent Lymphoedema after Surgery - Assignment Example In most research studies, there exist biases that may cause possible deviation of results. Choosing the most appropriate study methods is important to avoid instances of bias in research (Greenhalgh and Tylor 1997). Research appraisals assist in establishing the question posed by the author(s). It is vital for research studies to possess well-developed study questions relevant to the topic under study (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber 2010). In addition, the identified study questions must have applicable parameters and study populations and discern relevant outcomes. Statistical testing should be based on study hypotheses because they are fundamental in research studies (Greenhalgh and Tylor 1997). Appraisals assist in ascertaining the relevance of hypothesis testing the techniques used in a given study. Appraisal also contributes to determining whether research is based on practice (Brown 2014). Lacomba et al. (2010) carried out a study aiming at ascertaining the efficacy of early physiotherapy in post cancer surgery. An appraisal of the study carried out by Lacomba et al. (2010) reveals that there exist proper applications of interventions for physiotherapy sessions during post cancer surgery. Notably, the research conducted by Lacomba et al. (2010) is indispensable in promoting prevention of secondary lymphedema immediately after surgery. Even though the study was successful in addressing the hypothesis question, it had various limitations such as the recruiting of subjects from a single hospital. It is noteworthy that most single hospital recruitment may result in systematic variations during provision of care between other regions and the hospital. Lacomba et al. (2010) provide a vivid description of secondary lymphoedema within the first paragraph that clearly introduces the study.

Journalism should not be just a trade , it should be a crusade Essay

Journalism should not be just a trade , it should be a crusade . should journalists have a moral responsibility to stand up fo - Essay Example As we all know,  information is power, and if this power is concentrated into the hands of only a few, may lead to inappropriate handling or abuse of the power. It is for this reason, shared power is a safer option for the benefit of the entire society, and it is here that the journalists play the important role of redistributing this power of information. Since journalists have the task of redistributing information, in the process, they may partake in some of the power which is associated with information, and it is here that the role of ethics and responsibilities comes into play. Ethics is a form of commitment where one pledges not to abuse power, and to use the accorded freedom with responsibility, which is never an easy task. There is always an underlying tension between the ethics of freedom and responsibility. Here the dynamics between these two contending ethical factors in respect to an individual or a society can be divided into two main perspectives. The libertarian per spective (of the Enlightenment era), gives more emphasis on the freedom of an individual or the rational being. This perspective has been always prevalent in the US form of journalism, where the press has been accorded complete freedom, at least theoretically. The other view is the communitarian perspective, which emphasises on establishing social or  community connections, with certain responsibilities on both sides, which was clearly outlined in the Hutchins Commission on Freedom of the Press  published in 1947. The report brought in the theory of ‘social responsibility,’ where the press was said to be under moral obligations to work for the general well being of the society; and the modern concept of ‘civic journalism movement’ was formed, based on these guidelines as given in the Commission (Nerone, 1995, 77-100). In this article, I will examine the various theories of journalism, and will analyse, to come to a conclusion as to whether the journalis ts should have a moral responsibility to stand up for the weak against the powerful within a society? Discussion Ethics and journalism: Ethics is the process of analysing and evaluating certain facts and situations, and identifying the correct conduct in the light of the various principles and the prevalent social and religious norms of a particular time. Here the basic question does not simply end at asking as to how one can live well, but also puts in the question as to how one should live by the rules of one’s ethics, while foregoing some of the personal advantages, and even face persecution, as he carries on with his ethical duties. Ethical reasoning is often based on personal interpretations, as one examines and changes his principles, in view of the available new types of information and technology, and new social conditions (Ward, 2007). Ethics thus encompasses both the aspects of theoretical and one’s personal practical reasoning. As regards theoretical reasoni ng, ethics is the study of the various existing forms of ethics, and the types of prevalent ethical reasoning, and of the neutrality of the moral/ ethical principles. In case of practical reasoning, ethics is â€Å"applied ethics,† or the application of the ethical principles to check their suitability in the various dimensions of life domains like while dealing with scientific research, professional work, and also in corporate governance (Dimock & Tucker, 2004). Journalism is a type of ‘applied ethics,’ which involves the analysis and the application of

The Importance Of Literacy Essay Example for Free

The Importance Of Literacy Essay Explain the importance of literacy and numeracy skills for accessing the wider curriculum. 1.1 Literacy and numeracy skills are essential in life. Pupils skilled in literacy and numeracy are more likely to stay in full time education and as adults be more productive and earn higher wages. Literacy and numeracy skills are extremely important for accessing the wider curriculum. This is because literacy skills are required for everything. If a learner has difficulty with literacy then they will find it difficult to read words and they may also have a problem with writing. They may struggle in all sorts of subjects like Science as they may not be able to read the instructions to do experiments or label diagrams, in Music they may not be able to read the words to sing the songs, in Cooking they may not be able to read the recipe or food labels. Numeracy is also used throughout the wider curriculum so if a pupil has difficulty within this area it can affect other areas such as Cooking with weighing ingredients, in PE they may find it hard to count if told to do 3 hops then 8 jumps tec. Poor literacy and numeracy skills could also affect the child socially as other children may not want them to join in. Improving pupil’s literacy and numeracy can have a positive effect on their confidence their ability to deal with everyday tasks as well as their lifelong learning and health. Research shows the links between low literacy and numeracy and crime, poor health choices, low educational attainment and unemployment.

An Overview Of The Oasis Theory History Essay

An Overview Of The Oasis Theory History Essay Now a days we take the domestication of plants and animals for granted, but the vegetables, fruits, milk products, grain, and meats we eat everyday come from long ago human intervention in the life cycles of wild animals and plants (Selig, Ruth vol. 15, No.2, 1993). Agriculture began 10,000 years ago, the shift took place over many centuries and in several locations around the world. In addition plant domestication occurred in at least 10 to 11 regions around the world. The beginning of agriculture thus marks a clear watershed and defines one of the major ecological changes in the history of the planet (Selig, Ruth vol. 15, No.2, 1993). But What is the most convincing theory for the origins of agriculture? The Oasis Theory In 1936, Australian archaeologist V. Gordon Childe proposed one of the first coherent theories to explain the origins of agriculture. Childe referred to the The adoption of agriculture as the neolithic revolution, one of those key changes in prehistory that could be likened in their impact to the industrial revolution of 18th-century. While it is true that both agriculture and urbanism brought profound social and economic change, the term revolution implies a sudden and dramatic transition that does not accurately characterize the varied nature of these changes in different parts of the world(Scarre, Chris, ed. 2005). Also demographic theories from the 1960s assert that agricultural origins looked for factors that would forced hunter-gatherers to abandon their existing lifestyle and adopt the more labor-intensive agriculture(Scarre, chris, ed. 2005). In addition to that as the result of long term relationship between humans and their food sources agriculture should be viewed as one type of evolutionary adaptation between humans and other species(Scarre, chris, ed. 2005). Origins of Agriculture The first mark of agriculture development took place in the area known as the Fertile Crescent( present day Syria, Iraq, Israel, and Lebanon). Furthermore Agriculture refers to a series of discoveries involving the domestication, culture, and management of plants and animals. It is one of the most far reaching discoveries of early humans leading to profound social changes( Diamond, J. 2002). Agriculture was also developed on some others different areas like China, and Mesoamerica but on a later particular time. Finally Agriculture must be thought of as a series of discoveries involving the domestication of plants and animals and their management. (Fig 3-3)( Diamond, J. 2002) The Neolithic Age Technologies of ceramics and spinning the wheel is not only the basis for the mechanical and transportation revolution but is also connected with the, The neolithic or new stone age (7 to 10,000 years ago) pertains to a stage of culture following the paleolithic and is characterized by the use of polished stone implements, development of permanent dwellings, cultural advances such as pottery making, domestication of animals and plants, the cultivation of grain and fruits trees, and weaving (Fig.3-2) . (Diamond, J. 2002 ) (3-2) Terra cotta, was used as weights in the process of spinning threads 5000 BCE. At Last The change from hunting/gathering to primitive farming appears so abrupt that this technological change is often characterized as the Neolithic Revolution. (Diamond, J. 2002 ). The Origins of Agriculture: Rise of Civilization or Defying Evolution Another idea implies that the long dry seasons occurring after the pleistocene caused adaptations on vegetations Changing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, affecting plant photosynthesis, also may have created an environment supportive of agriculture. During the Pleistocene, CO2 levels were below 200 parts per million, increasing to above 250 ppm as the earth pulled out of the glacial age. This may have increased plant productivity by up to fifty percent, enabling crop domestication to develop (Mawr Bryn, 2000: ). The following quotes is one of the various evidence that suggest that humans were far better as foragers than after they took up agriculture. Hunter-gatherers enjoyed a varied diet of thousands of types of plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts, while agriculturists relied on just one or two starchy crops, choosing cheap calories at the cost of poor nutrition. Today wheat, corn, and rice provide most of the calories for humans, yet each one is deficient in certain essential pr oteins and amino acids. Agriculturists also ran a much greater risk of starvation by depending on a few key crops, as opposed to foragers whose consumption does not rely on any one plant but is diverse and flexible. Agriculture, able to support higher population densities, caused people to live in closer quarters. This invited the spread of parasites and infectious diseases that foragers avoided by living in smaller numbers in larger areas. Studies of various skeletal evidence indicate an increase in infectious diseases, malnutrition, and anemia in early agricultural societies as compared to hunter-gatherers(Mawr Bryn, 2000: ) Origins of Agriculture: New Ideas, New Data There are at least ten different places around the world where agriculture was independently developed, and the antiquity of domestication is being pushed back in time with new discoveries. ThereforeThere was a major emphasis on the origins of agriculture in East Asia. Lesser-known regions such as Papua New Guinea, Africa, and eastern North America were included in our discussions. Lots of new data were presented from East and West Asia, Africa, and Central and South America (fig. 3-3)( Price T. Douglas, 2011: ) Information on estimated dates bp cal for domestication in these areas are provided in (table 1). (3-3)Major centers of domestication and dates for earliest plants and animals picture Marcia Bakry. Today an eerie synchronicity in the timing of the first domesticated around the end of the pleistocene is emerging.Another commonality among the cradles of agriculture is the rich environments in which farming originates. Experiments in domestication do not take place in marginal areas but amid concentrations of population and resources across the globe. It also appears that in each area where several different species are involved in the transition to agriculture, there are multiple centers of domestication within the region. A number of groups appear to be manipulating their natural world ( Price T. Douglas, 2011: ). On the other hand During the first half of the twentieth century, the best information on early farming villages came from riverine areas or oases in Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia-along the Nile River in Egypt and at Jericho in the Jordan Valley, for example. Early views on the origins of agriculture focused on climate change. (Price T. Douglas, 2011: ). A number of important general factors in the origins of agriculture were recognized at the symposium. These factors can be categorized as exogenous, or natural (e.g., climate/environment, population growth), and endogenous, or cultural (e.g., social change, religion). Theories on the transition to agriculture have most often focused on external factors such as climatic change or inherent growth in population as problems solved by the cultivation of plants and animals( Price T. Douglas, 2011). . The purpose of this Assignment was to advise the reader with the main theories and evidence on the Origins of Agriculture. Farming predominate the activities of a particular community and determine the main diet, although hunting and gathering may continue. Farming is a way of obtaining food that involves the cultivation of plants and the controlled of animals. Today two thirds of humans necessary calorie and protein intake comes from key cereal grains domesticated in the earlier holocene.

Horizontal Violence Essay -- Health Care, Nursing

Nursing is a healthcare profession that helps prevent, promote and optimize the health and abilities of families and communities. With such a noble and caring profession is very sad that violence, or bullying, exists among nurses and other healthcare disciplines. This type of violence is called lateral or horizontal violence. Violence is defined as any inappropriate behavior confrontation or conflict that causes low self esteem or other injuries. Horizontal violence is known to be the type of violence between coworkers. For some people this type of violence new and in the healthcare field, nurses world, it describes the behavior nurse have towards colleagues or other healthcare entities. This type of behavior interferes with communication and teamwork needed in order to promote and care for others. For this reason this type of behavior not only affects healthcare workers but also the community and families that we are taking care of. At the end of all if there is a behavior that caus es another nurse to be offended or inability to perform their job is considered to be horizontal violence (Morse, K.J., 2008). Horizontal Violence in Nursing Horizontal violence is a behavior that has been reported and documented in nursing and other healthcare professions for years and decades. This type of behavior has provided negative and serious outcomes for the nursing profession and patients. â€Å"Horizontal violence is the act of threatening, humiliating, or actually inflicting physical, mental or emotional harm on a peer or group† (Norris, T., 2010). Discrimination, vulgarity, and sexual harassment may be the first things that come to mind when mentioning this type of violence, but sadly these are not the only ways that horizontal violence may... ...lth department today. Creating a safe and nurturing environment can only be achieved by nurses working together and adhering to their code of ethics; for this reason we should maintain the safety or our nurses by eliminating violence, educating and supporting them when needed. It is crucial for the nursing profession to address violence to improve retention and recruitment of nurses. Horizontal violence behaviors are not conducive to a culture of safety, which is what healthcare should be all about. Nursing Manages, Hospitals and different organizations must have a â€Å"zero tolerance† policy for this behaviors and a protection policy for the nurses reporting the situations. Only we as nurses and other health care personnel have the capacity to eliminate horizontal violence and fulfill our commitment to our patients, families and communities in a safe environment.

Analysis of Characters in There Are No Children Here :: There are No Children Here Essays

There Are No Children Here - Analysis of Characters Pharoah: Pharoah is the younger brother to Lafeyette, LaShawn, and Terence. He is an intelligent person. His mother LaJoe wants Pharaoh to do well in life. She thinks that he has the motivation to do whatever he would like to do. Pharoah has a lisp that makes him work harder in becoming a better person throughout the novel. "Pharoah was different, not only from Lafeyette but from the other children, too. He didn't have many friends, except for Porkchop, who was always by his side... Pharoah got so lost in his daydreams that LaJoe had to shake him to bring him back from his flights of fancy. Those forays into distant lands and with other people seemed to help Pharoah fend off the ugliness around him" (15). Pharoah was changed throughout the novel, overcoming his lisp and becoming confident in himself that he could one day escape the Horner homes. Lafeyette: Lafeyette is a teenager whose experiences in the Horner homes teaches him how the way of life works. Lafeyette is one of LaJoe's children who starts out as a promising child but changes throughout the novel trying new ideas that he was not familiar with. Lafeyette is a thin person. He is a "stick" to some people. Lafeyette experiences conflicts which affects his life. His 'mentor' Craig Davis. Craig's death affected him so much that Lafeyette's attitude became so different than what LaJoe was so used to. Lafeyette would hang around with his friend Rickey who was affiliated with the up and coming Four Corners: a young group of trouble-makers looking to start a new gang. Lafeyette didn't like hanging around with Rickey's friends. During the final chapters of the novel, Lafeyette is accused of stealing car parts from a pick up truck. He would be charged and sentenced for one year of probation. Lafeyette becomes what LaJoe dreaded: Lafeyette turning out to be his older brother Terence. LaJoe: Lajoe is the mother of Lafeyette, Pharoah and to 5 other children. LaJoe has lived in the Horner home for most of her life. She moved to the Horner homes when she was 4 years old. Back in the early days she thought Horner was 'amazing' considering the changes it has gone through over the years. "But to LaJoe and her brothers and sisters, it all looked dazzling. Analysis of Characters in There Are No Children Here :: There are No Children Here Essays There Are No Children Here - Analysis of Characters Pharoah: Pharoah is the younger brother to Lafeyette, LaShawn, and Terence. He is an intelligent person. His mother LaJoe wants Pharaoh to do well in life. She thinks that he has the motivation to do whatever he would like to do. Pharoah has a lisp that makes him work harder in becoming a better person throughout the novel. "Pharoah was different, not only from Lafeyette but from the other children, too. He didn't have many friends, except for Porkchop, who was always by his side... Pharoah got so lost in his daydreams that LaJoe had to shake him to bring him back from his flights of fancy. Those forays into distant lands and with other people seemed to help Pharoah fend off the ugliness around him" (15). Pharoah was changed throughout the novel, overcoming his lisp and becoming confident in himself that he could one day escape the Horner homes. Lafeyette: Lafeyette is a teenager whose experiences in the Horner homes teaches him how the way of life works. Lafeyette is one of LaJoe's children who starts out as a promising child but changes throughout the novel trying new ideas that he was not familiar with. Lafeyette is a thin person. He is a "stick" to some people. Lafeyette experiences conflicts which affects his life. His 'mentor' Craig Davis. Craig's death affected him so much that Lafeyette's attitude became so different than what LaJoe was so used to. Lafeyette would hang around with his friend Rickey who was affiliated with the up and coming Four Corners: a young group of trouble-makers looking to start a new gang. Lafeyette didn't like hanging around with Rickey's friends. During the final chapters of the novel, Lafeyette is accused of stealing car parts from a pick up truck. He would be charged and sentenced for one year of probation. Lafeyette becomes what LaJoe dreaded: Lafeyette turning out to be his older brother Terence. LaJoe: Lajoe is the mother of Lafeyette, Pharoah and to 5 other children. LaJoe has lived in the Horner home for most of her life. She moved to the Horner homes when she was 4 years old. Back in the early days she thought Horner was 'amazing' considering the changes it has gone through over the years. "But to LaJoe and her brothers and sisters, it all looked dazzling.

American Politics in the Context of Obama’s Election and the First 100 Days Essay

Though none opposes the fact that motivation is the real driving engine of every action, there is considerable differences among the theorists about its mechanism, especially when it comes to explore the possibility to bring out the best out in the employees of an organization, where one school of thought advocates for extrinsic motivation for instant solution and the other insists on capitalizing the long-term efficacy of intrinsic motivation. Under the present context of economic downturn, this issue is extremely important, as extrinsic motivation primarily involves money. Therefore, this paper explores the core elements of motivation and concepts of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards from relevant literature, before coming into its own conclusion. Core of Motivation The core of motivation contains three elements like Consciousness, Inverted Qualia and Absent Qualia. These three together create various mental states. Consciousness It has six major identifiable states like 1. State of awareness: When someone is aware of something (Rosenthal, 1986). 2. Qualitative states: Sensing something out of something like enjoying a meal or experiencing a pain. Such experiences are called â€Å"qualia†, and are regarded as â€Å"intrinsic, private, ineffable and nomadic features of experience, † (Dennet, 1990). 3. Phenomenal states: A state involving more than sensory qualia, covering spatial, temporal and conceptual organization of experiences about the world and the person’s inference about it. 4. What-it-is-like states: Associating a sense of experience with another. 5. Access consciousness: It’s like seeing a thing and ideating something and then deciding on something, where there may or may not be any relationship among the above-said three stages. 6. Narrative consciousness: This â€Å"stream of consciousness† contains a series of thoughts from the â€Å"perspective of an actual or merely virtual self† (Dennett, 1991). Inverted Qualia It refers to a personal package of intrinsic and intricate experiences, with which humans decipher various external signals and respond to them, where the nature of experience governs the nature of response. The difference in perception causes inverted qualia, as for example someone might like green tea and detest coffee for no unexplainable reasons. This trait has a strong connection with intrinsic motivation (Dennet, 1991) Absent Qualia The concept of absent qualia claims that functional duplicates of a creature would do the same. As for example, if Mr. X likes tea and dislikes coffee, then his absolute clone would also do the same, for which the clone would not need an intricate and intrinsic package of experiences (Dennet, 1991). This concept backs the idea of getting result through extrinsic reward – as for example, if Mr. X and Mr. Y do identical jobs under identical conditions, then if Mr. X feels satisfied with cash reward, Mr.  Y would too follow the suit without a second thought! This study thus highlights two sets of hidden relationships, one, between inverted qualia and intrinsic motivation/rewards, and two, between absent qualia and extrinsic motivation/rewards. In any case, humans’ (apparently) involuntary association with rewards too has its routes in their perceptions, which maintain a master list of individual desires, and accordingly propel them to fulfill such desires. Put into an imaginary diagram, the mechanism of human mind can look somewhat like below: Mechanism of Motivation Motivating Tools From the organizational perspective, the ways and means to motivate the employees can be many. However, the common ones among them are, 1. Rewards 2. Retention 3. Morale 5. Job-enrichment 6. Reinforcement 1. Rewards System: Rewards or recognition system has a great bearing on the emotional plane of humans. † Every behavior comes out of ‘pain and gain’ principle†, says Khera (2004, p. 110). There can be many types of tangible gains like money, vacations or gifts, or they can be intangible, like recognition, appreciation, sense of achievement, growth, responsibility, sense of fulfillment, self-worth, etc. 2. Retention: It highly motivates the employees, as â€Å"Retention is critical to the long term health and success of the company† (Heathfield, 2008). 3. Morale: The elements like praise, love and faith can charge up anyone under any circumstance. 4. Job Enrichment: It relates to the in-house grooming of the employees to become an expert in the related field. 5. Reinforcement. By all means, it is a tool to control the employee behavior (Positive, 2000), which binds the company activities together. Other Factors Related to Motivation There are three other factors that can be instrumental to keep employees motivated, and they are: Job Satisfaction, Goal-setting and Performance appraisals. They are considered to be the self-boosters of the employees, and according to Murphy (2001), belief is a thought that causes the power of subconscious to be distributed into all phases of life. Motivation and Reward System Reward systems are created to fuel the employee cooperation, effort and overall satisfaction of all members of the company Cacioppe (1999). Other researchers like Hackman (1997) Shea and Guzzo (1987) too have endorsed this view, and suggested to align rewards with group activities. The basic parameter of the formulating a reward structure, however, is expected to apply the common logic like optimizing the ability of the workforce as a whole, though in practice it might go down to an individual, especially where the work patterns are not interdependent. This situation commands a quick review of the nature of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic Rewards Deci (1975) says that intrinsic rewards evoke a sense of personal causation – i. e.  , an inward mechanism serving as the guiding engine for the action, where its elements are usually intangible and working on the plane of one’s perception, where the journey is being enjoyed over the outcome. Extrinsic Rewards Extrinsic rewards are supposed to generate perceptions of external causation (Deci, 1975) by being mostly tangible in nature – a hike in salary or status, or material gains in other forms. However, researchers like Guzzo, (1979) defies any division in the reward system and considers it a single, usable tools to tweak the frequency of desired response of the employees towards a desired direction. Researchers like Hull (1943) and Skinner (1953) placed extrinsic reward as a direct link between stimulus and response, and their views include punishment as a stimulus too, besides subscribing to the power of stimulus. Reaction No matter how much Hull (1943) and Skinner (1953) wanted to establish extrinsic motivation as the best motivating tool to earn competitive advantage, extrinsic motivation carries a hidden cost besides the cost involved in its implementation. Researchers like Deci and Ryan (1985) used attribution theory and suggested that humans constantly reassess the reasons for their behaviors besides others. Before that, Lepper et al. (1973) had observed that reinforcement generates two effects for the management, like gaining control over activity or fastening the process; two, the backlash effect in absence of reinforcement. The example below would explain it better: A group or an individual gets a reward of x amount of money for a period y, where x+y=m, m being the increased rate of production. Before that, the situation was y=z where production was z. Now in the absence of reinforcement and with the influence of attribution theory, the situation would stand like y-x = n, where n < z. This clearly goes against the basic reason for motivating the employees, i. e. , to enhance the profit of the organization. â€Å"Engagement occurs when an employee connects emotionally with his work,† says Paul Glen (2007), and if one checks the mechanism of motivation, one gets convinced that extrinsic motivation cannot influence the employees to connect emotionally with their work, as it is guided by absent qualia, i. e. , a momentary and involuntary chase, where emotion has no role to play. On the other hand, the intrinsic motivation is guided by inverted qualia, i.  e. , conscious chase and that clearly takes along emotion in its journey and influence the human mind in no less than six ways. Conclusion The research and discussion above clearly shows that extrinsic motivation system can be a threat in disguise for the organizations especially under the present context of economic downturn, while intrinsic motivation can be the ideal solution under the same circumstance, where it can raise emotional attachment with the organization and inspire the employees to produce more for less. References Cacioppe, R. (1999). Using team-individual reward and recognition strategies to drive organizational success. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 20(6), pp. 322-331. Deci, E. and Ryan, R. (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum Press. Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum. Denett, D. C. (1990). Quining qualia†. In Mind and Cognition, W. Lycan (Ed. ), Oxford: Blackwell, 519-548. Dennett, D. C. (1991). Consciousness explained. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Glen, P. (2007). You Can’t Outsource Retention. Computerworld, July 16, 2007. Guzzo, R. A. (1979). Types of rewards, cognitions, and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 4(1), pp. 75-86. Hackman, J. R. (1997). Why teams don’t work. In R. S. Tindale, J. Edwards, & E. J. Posavac (Eds. ) Applications of theory and research on groups to social issues. New York: Plenum.

Jet Blue Melt Down Essay

The technology department at Jet Blue airlines let down the company during the melt down. There were many areas where if the technology department had been on top of its game this melt down would not have been nearly as bad as it was. These range from simple communications problems to issues with lost bags. The first area where technology let down those at Jet Blue was that of not being able to rebook flights on the internet. This was a major problem as because the website did not allow for passengers whose flights had been cancelled to reschedule they had to call agents. The problem here is many of these agents work from home and the system was only capable of handling 650 calls at a time. If the website had been able to allow customers to rebook it would have taken a lot of the load off of these agents. The second issue we have here is the system only allowed for 650 agents to be on the phones at a time. When you consider they have the normal everyday business along with many flights being cancelled causing angry passengers to call in to rebook this problem became magnified. Customer grew angry with the amount of time that they had to remain on hold to rebook flights. The next issue that lingered was that of being able to identify who owned the lost luggage. This system was a simple one as it only took the technology department 24 hours to design a system to locate these passengers and reunite them with their luggage. However, when you are already upset and angry 24 hours is quite a long time. This was an issue that never should have been as it should have been in place prior to this event. Finally we come to the issue of being able to communicate with off duty crews and know their location when rebooking flights. This issue was one that could have been fixed in a simple manner with a system similar to that  which Nextel offers to customer’s walkie talkie options with a gps locator on the phone. To conclude my findings if the technology department had been doing its job prior to these events the problem would not have been nearly as magnified. Through some simple fixes and forward thinking there could have been several areas that would have helped to make managing this event easier from enhanced phone systems to a website with more capabilities for customers to simple gps enable cell phones this problem would not have cost the company upwards of 30 million dollars.

Globalisation as a Catalyst for Western Job Loss Essay

Globalisation as a Catalyst for Western Job Loss - Essay Example Globalisation as a Catalyst for Western Job Loss Making the statement that all jobs will be lost as a factor of globalisation is not supported by the research on this topic of study, hence concluding with support for the notion would be an irresponsible assessment. Domestic labourers can be sacrificed in favour of a new variety of worker, who is foreign in residence and can be paid wages which are considerably lower than their domestic counterparts. Further, globalisation provides the foundation for an imbalance between domestic product output and the volume of importations experienced by Western nations each year; especially the United States. Though to say that complete elimination of domestic jobs will occur would be somewhat unrealistic, it is clear that due to an aggressive push toward globalising the corporate West, substantial domestic job loss is likely inevitable. Multiple Perspectives on Globalisation and Job Loss Scott (2003) provides ample support for continued job loss stemming from globalisation by highlighting a series of statistics in the U.S. domestic job market. The author points out how the imbalance between import and export goods which is created when previously-domestic production facilities are shifted to overseas markets. To illustrate this point, Scott further suggests that during the 1990’s, the U.S. experienced considerable job growth, due to phenomenon he identifies as the boom and bust period where consumer consumption levels were high, driving domestic production.

Debt ceiling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Debt ceiling - Essay Example The researcher states that debt ceiling is the limit to which debts can be borrowed. The debt ceiling as perceived in the United States is the maximum amount of debt that can be borrowed by the United States in order to run its operations. The process through which debt is borrowed by the government is by issuing bonds. The government issues bonds in order to raise the debt and the holders of such bonds hold the position of a creditor. The bonds have a date of maturity and a rate of return, and these are held by individuals or organizations as available for sale as well. Due to the application of debt ceiling, there is a limit to the amount borrowed by the United States through such bonds, which means the overall deficit in the federal budget cannot exceed the debt ceiling therefore it can be said the overall spending of the government is limited to the extent of the debt ceiling. The topic of debt ceiling was selected because it holds significant importance in the current economic s ituation of the United States. After the recent debt ceiling crisis and the impacts of this crisis on the overall economy of the United States, the understanding of the concept of debt ceiling holds significant importance. Before the debt ceiling was created in the United States, the President was free to make decisions regarding the overall borrowings by the US. The debt ceiling was created in 1917 in order to ensure the accountability of the debt borrowings by the US. Debt ceiling is important for the economy of the US in a number of ways. Following are some of the important aspects of the debt ceiling.... The debt ceiling does not only keep the overall borrowings in control but there are a number of other economic factors linked with borrowing that also come under control due to the debt ceiling. When the debt ceiling is reached while determining a budget, the regulatory authorities can use ‘extraordinary measures’ to raise the required finances in order to remain under the debt ceiling. Such extraordinary measures are not considered unless there is a genuine need to raise the finances such as for saving a part of the government to shut down. There is a limit to the amount of funds to be raised through such ‘extraordinary measures’ and if the regulatory authorities remain unable to raise the required amount of funds through such measures as well, a rise in the debt ceiling is considered.The debt ceiling also influences the extent of government spending. In the presence of debt ceiling, there would be a control over the government’s decisions regarding spending on its operations. Excess government spending may result in increased deficit in the budget. Since the deficit in the budget and government spending influence the overall economic activity in the country, it may lead to a steep rise in inflation in the country. Thus, debt ceiling is important to keep an active control over the borrowings made by the US and the spending made by the government.The debt ceiling is also important because it keeps the federal budget of the United States under control. The debt ceiling keeps the regulatory authorities from exceeding the borrowing limit and in order to meet the deficits in the budget, other measures are resorted to. In the recent past, the debt ceiling has caused

What are important factors accounting for early human mobility Essay

What are important factors accounting for early human mobility - Essay Example What are important factors accounting for early human mobility? Eurasia is the collective history of distinct peripheral coastal areas that share major contribution in human development on the grounds of distinct trade routes that interconnects diversified continental masses. The various cultural, social and tradition features of these distinct regions were similar in nature because of the regular migration of people around the board and regular intersection with trading activities. Precisely, the even development on the same pace at the distant regions in religious, technological and philosophical aspects can be regarded the uniform feature of the early Eurasian civilizations. Since ancient times China possess features that add to the strength of the country in attaining global recognition. The first and the foremost point that worth to be mentioned is the strong security (land and maritime) with rapid development of technology because of overwhelming political unity of the place that strengthened the overseas exploration ability of the region. The steady advancement in agricultural and commercial with a strong maritime technology and policy can be regarded as the main characteristics that lead the foundation of global leadership in support of the region. The classical period is the era between 1000 BCE- 500 CE. The Roman Empire in this era got rid of Triumverate when Octavius (Augustus) Caesar defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatara. On the onset of the first Empire of Rome Octavius was given the name of Augustus or the revered.

Managerial Discretion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managerial Discretion - Essay Example er, managers need to be able to exercise their own judgment in hiring decisions, strategic planning, effective administration and resource allocation decisions. The consequence of not allowing such discretion would be a lumbering organization that is unable to take nimble actions that can keep it competitive in a global marketplace. Absence of managerial discretion would lead to a heavily bureaucratized company that takes much more time to make and implement strategic decisions than its competitors and thus would fall by the wayside. At the same time, allowing managers to run amok with their own preferences can be equally dangerous by setting up a situation in which conflicting decisions are made at different levels of an organization that end up stalling progress. The effective organization strikes just the right balance by allowing a high degree of managerial discretion while instituting appropriate constraints to keep the business functioning effectively. Defining Discretion Key (1997) defines discretion as "a belief that individuals can influence their environment. The concept of discretion, originally borrowed from the judiciary, involves decision making that is guided by individual principles and beliefs unfettered by external control" (par. 13). Thus, discretion is necessarily a subjective determination that a particular manager has a range of options available to him/herself. Key (2002) further maintains that "Discretion is based on the belief that one has responses available with which to influence the environment. Individual perception influences whether or not an individual believes there are actions available to him or her" (par. 2). This subjective determination has been described as "perceived latitude of action." The concept of managerial discretion... The importance of managerial discretion to modern companies is substantial, and has long been recognized as such. Discretionary behavior by mangers is essential to the strategic operation of a company; but at the same time allowing unfettered discretion can be hugely detrimental to the well-being of a corporation, as evidenced by the scandals that have taken place in recent years in the United States and elsewhere. While managers must have the ability to analyze a situation and determine and appropriate course of action, there must be some guidelines – or constraints as it were – placed on that discretion in order to protect the company from these types of damaging developments. Several studies on the scope and limits of managerial discretion have found that there are several variables influencing and limiting the exercise of discretion in modern business. These include such factors as age, length of tenure, educational attainment, gender, locus of control, and organiza tional culture. Each of these factors has a direct impact on the extent to which managers feel free to exercise discretion, or not; and consequently they affect the success or failure of a business. Ultimately, managerial discretion is a critical balancing act for any business that seeks to compete successfully in today’s global business environment.

European Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Government - Essay Example The tension that ensued in 1989 after the fall of Berlin Wall and the need to put hands on deck in fighting global terrorism have combinable shaped EU to implement diplomacy and intervention policy. One of the E Us efforts to maintain its power across the world that should be presented to support this essay is of its roles during the Yugoslavian crises around 1992. Though by then treaty was signed within it, which was tagged: "Common Foreign and Security Policy", but the Union effort to halt the fighting proved abortive. The EU countries had to join the United Nation Force, which at the end were under the United State leadership. Another Foreign Policy of EU that also focus on security which is seen as a strict diplomacy measure was its effort by creating formidable force that involves representatives from within its members countries, which great supports were attached to it The key action of this force is to foreseen and signal and alert on possibility of tensions. Thus it's dispatched action representatives to various hard areas around the world, so they can expand their power. Examples of these areas include Balkans, Afghanistan, Africa and the Middle East. In its effort in creating more credibility's to intervention strategies under the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), EU has programmed European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) that would mean to have unanimous defense structure. Since 2003, EU leaders endorsed an European Security strategy with basic focus on crushing terrorism especially in the Middle East, though the acts of terrorism is under increase in that part of the world, which signifies one of the EU failure in its mission over foreign policies. Moreover, EU has pointed out some measure assignments that its Military Force should undergo as part of foreign policy. These are peacekeeping, crises management, humanitarian and rescue mission, including peace making. To achieve these tremendous objectives, a formidable force has been created which is expected to grow strongly in the coming recent years. Meanwhile, despite points that are seen as EU achievements on the above discussion, yet there are some angles that its failures are also noted. One of these point states that though the Union had included political aspect in its international roles, members are finding it a hard task to reshape their nation's policy. A typical example explained how these members failed to come under one umbrella during a debate held in 2003 on if the United Nation should give a go-ahead on the United States led War on Iraq. Another important area that needs a focus as parts of EU Foreign Policy is the adaptation of "Common Agriculture Policy" (CAP), a policy that aims to offer agricultural subsidies for European Union. CAP was created in the late 50s and early 60s to supplement food shortages, which hit EU countries during and after the Second World War. "As part of building a common market, tariffs on agriculture would have to be removed. However, due to the political clout of farmers and the sensitivity of the issue, it would take many years before CAP was fully implemented". (Common Agricultural Policy). The CAP steering strategies had come into being in 1960 by the founding members, while in 1962 these strategies begin to take effect. In the same year there

Social Pedagogy Essay Example for Free

Social Pedagogy Essay What is social pedagogy? Social pedagogy is concerned with well-being, learning and growth. This is underpinned by humanistic values and principles which view people as active and resourceful agents highlight the importance of including them into the wider community, and aim to tackle or prevent social problems and inequality. Social pedagogy uses the holistic approach to education in the broadest sense, the centrality of relationships, and the use of observation and reflection as a tool for continuous development of all that are included in the pedagogic process. It uses various predominant elements that form part of social pedagogy, and each of them is underpinned in its significance by theory and research. This makes it helpful to apply theory to practice. Social pedagogy aims to provide nurturing conditions that support childrens growth in both directions, towards independence and interdependence. In Goethes words children need two things from their parents: roots and wings When did it begin/originate? As an idea ‘sozial pà ¤dagogik’ first started being used around the middle of the nineteenth century in Germany as a way of describing alternatives to the dominant models of schooling. parents have the shared responsibility same as practitioners as they aim to provide a nurturing condition that support natural growth this is for children and young people until they reach adolescence in every setting. The term social pedagogy has been used in countries such as Germany, Holland and Hungary to embrace the activities of youth workers, residential or day care workers work with offenders, and play and occupational therapists. It has also been used to describe aspects of church work and some community development activity. How does it benefit children? Social pedagogy is about the holistic wellbeing and education and this is a shared responsibility between parents and the society as a whole. It also develops children and young people’s knowledge of what is expected of them as an individual. This helps them gain skills that they want to achieve, coping with emotions and also physical skills. This is put in to place to learn children and young people on how to become a valued member of society. How can it support children’s development? Social Pedagogy can support children’s development by helping children and young people to take more risks in life as this is a way of helping them to develop their judgement and also how to test boundaries. Social Pedagogy also helps to remove any barriers in stopping the child’s development to decrease, or not be as developed as other children, helping the child to understand more complex things. Social Pedagogy also helps to increase social interactions and communication, giving the child confidence within themselves.

Bilateral Relations Between the EU and China

Bilateral Relations Between the EU and China Till the 1978, Peoples Republic of China (PRC) was in self employed isolation because of two things, one was Cultural Revolution and another was the transformation of the society and economy from traditional to modern. Another factor which also played a part was the Soviet threat to China after 1958 till 1983. On the other side EU was coming out of the wars and conflicts of the first half of the 20th century and making the headway for global economic power after the economic boom from 1960-1970. Though there were trade agreements between China and EU in 1978 and in 1985, however, till the end of Cold War, relations between the EU and China were at low as latter has not given high priority to relations with former, however, globalisation, and interests in multi polar world became the factors that lead to growing bilateral relations between the two. The bilateral relations between the EU and China developed and reached to its height in 2011, when train started connecting the two mighty economic and political actors of globe through Central Asian Republics. Since the bilateral relations between the two partners are still growing but there are new issues that are need the dynamism to solve the problems, human rights violations in some parts of China, and other issues like lack of transparency in China that was highlighted by EU Ambassador at WTO in June 2012, â€Å"related to lack of transparency, which makes Chinas trade and investment policies in the words of Secretariats report â€Å"opaque and complex† (EU Ambassador to WTO, June 2012). The paper will analyse: What steps have helped the bilateral relations between the EU and China? What are the hurdles that need solutions to make the bilateral relations more powerful? The growing interdependence after the globalisation has played a role in integration of trade, finances and people and ideas that led to speed up the bilateral relations between the countries, regions etc. According to new interdependence phenomenon regional powers, countries having different forms of government came closer to each other and start and world institutions like WTO played great role in promoting the phenomenon by replacing protectionism by free trade. The interdependence at times had made so much impact that many countries adopt policies according to international norms to trade and protect ones economy. In the conference of the Interdependence and Globalisation, Secretary-General of UN said, â€Å"There are two main aspects of forging coherence in advancing the development goals in a globalizing world economy †¦ At the regional level; there is a need to broaden and deepen regional integration and to foster coherence through greater coordination of policies and th rough peer reviews While some regions have taken the necessary steps to achieve these ends, others lag Behind.†[1] Under the following back ground and arguments about to achieve the goals of necessary steps for the relations with the other countries, regions like (EU) had taken many steps and have shown dynamism for the bilateral relations and trade particularly with the Central Asian countries and China. However, some of the countries lack behind like (China) that is not a positive sign though the Chinese government have made many changes. Review of literature: There is literature available on the bilateral relations between the China and EU in the form of different journals, books, reports and conference proceedings. They give the information related to trade between the EU and China and the annual high level summit held between the two. However, most of the literature is related with the trade relations and their impact on both side but about the progress in the other social problems there is stray references. The stress is not given on the peace building capacity and conflict resolution capacity of the both partners jointly or the problems which both are facing in the bilateral relations. Last but not the least to what extent they have made the world multi polar from unipolar. As one of the recent articles published by the by the European Council on Foreign Relations argues that Europe needs a â€Å"global China policy,† meaning that it should look at its relationship with China not from a traditional bilateral perspective, but ra ther from a global perspective that takes into account indirect effects through third countries or regions (Godement, 2010). History of bilateral relations between China and EU: The bilateral relations between China and EU started after 1975 and that were further developed by the economic policy changes introduced by Deng Xiaoping in 1978. Since 1978 China has freed itself from the self imposed isolation and integrated with the world. Not only was this but the major shifts in the world economy which had left their mark on the relations between China and various European economies. The single most important events bringing about a significant reshuffle of the European economies economic structure and the pattern of their integration into the international division of labour have been the evolution of a single European market under the auspices of the European Union and the breakdown of socialist block the ensuing transformation of the Central and East European economies into market economies (Markus: 2002). During this period many agreements on trade and bilateral relations were signed by the two like those of Trade Agreement between the EC and China followed in 1978 (Official Journal: 1978). In 1985 this agreement was replaced by the Agreement on Trade and Economic Co-operation between the EC and China. The European Commission opened its representation in Beijing in 1988, and ever since there has been a continuous deepening of economic and trade relations. Since after the opening of the economy after 1978 and especially after the fall of USSR and globalisation, Chinese economy have become the second largest economy. On the other side EU is making it headways to became the major champion of the human rights, rule of law, democracy and is expanding its membership that made the EU major player in this global world. These events make both EU and China think about their larger interests and exchange of goods and rapid development of bilateral trade. China in 2001 joined WTO that helped the both partners to come closer to each other. After 2009 when Lisbon treaty came into force and main motives of the treaty was to overhaul the basic setup of the European Union (EU) had been to make it stronger, more visible and more assertive actor on the international scene. This institutional re-structuring which followed, notably the creation of the European External Action Service (EEAS) and EU delegations with global reach, was also intended to enhance the EU’s role and capacity in supporting peace processes, making relations with other countries more practical (Joris Larik, Catriona Gourlay). When Catherine Ashton was appointed to new post of High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy was welcomed by the Chinese government, as it has given China a contact at the top of the EU’s administration with whom they are already familiar through trade negotiations. Such a dynamism of both EU and China saw the fruits when the bilateral trade that in the first decade of the 21century as the EU having surpassed the United States as China’s largest trading partner ( Fox: 2009). On the one side EU has beca me the largest supplier of technology and equipment, in the form of FDI, and also a number of joint technology projects with China. Apart from the good and prospective trade relations EU-China co-operation activities are also seen in the categories of measures directed in transition process to an open society based on the rule of law; support of economic reforms; business and industrial co-operation; legal and administrative reform; human resources development; science and technology; environment and energy; regional disparities, poverty alleviation and social cohesion; academic and societal activities (Franco: 2002). Cooperation has extended to other areas, with 100,000 Chinese now studying in the EU, against 60,000 in the United States, and the Chinese invited to join in a number of European technology projects, including the Galileo satellite navigation programme (Europa press release: 2003). This co operation shows the bilateral relation between the two China and EU are reaching to the new heights and levels and can be called the emergence of a new Sinoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ European axis in world politics (Shambaugh 2004; Scott 2007). According to the statics of the 2012, the bilateral trade between the China and Europe reached to 443.6 billion Euros in which EU exports to China reached to its height â‚ ¬143.9 billion and Chinas exports to EU reached to â‚ ¬289.7 billion.[2] That means that one billion trade is done on the average between the two partners. Hurdles in the Bilateral Relations: Though the EU China bilateral relations reached to it new heights nut there are also some hurdles that created problems many time and even when Shambaugh wrote in the International Herald Tribune (26 November 2007) that â€Å"for Europe the ‘China honeymoon’ is now over†. Starting from 1989, when because of Tiananmen Square protests for more reforms towards democratic setup and its suppression lead to the death of more than 1000 persons. Though this event does not have much impact on the bilateral relations between the two but EU with USA imposes the arms embargoes in place (Franco: 2002). Also the problems like human rights violations in Tibet, Xinjiang and Carbon emissions. These issues reached to its height and created the rift between EU and Chinas bilateral relations, when latter cancelled their participation in the annual EU-China summit in retaliation against French plans to meet the Dalai Lama in December 2008. On the economic front the problems like dumping issues against China, and EUs response like increasing the anti-dumping tariffs of up to 50 percent on Chinese-made candles sold in the Europe have made bilateral relations somewhat more strangled(ROBERTO: 2010). In 2012, out of 100 fake goods captured on the European borders 64 were made in China that has created the larger problems. The other problems in the economic front are the China laws on the foreign companies that diminish the role of the EU companies and FDI. As for example EU investments in China add up to less than 2% of the total FDI abroad compared with nearly 30% in the United States.[3] The Chinese government also does not use country specific standards than international standards which EU companies fail or find hard to meet. Because of this in 2012, 45 % of EU companies have missed the business opportunities by these standards or regulatory barriers. Since these things need a solution and compromise between the two wor ld largest economies for this some of the steps have been taken by the EU and China for better prospects and better bilateral relations like. As both the EU and China have more to gain from each other than either has to lose and to overcome the issue of the human rights in China both EU and China have started dialogue from 1996 onwards one among them was on the Human rights in China (EU-China Observer, 2010). To come out of the hurdles between the two bilateral partners, they started Strategic Dialogue in 2005, held at the Vice Ministerial level and since then dialogue is held yearly for the progress and prospectus of the bilateral relations between the two and the framework of this annual dialogue covers wide range of areas. After the Lisbon treaty the dialogue is held at the direct the highest decision-making level helps maintain the strong momentum in strengthening contacts and increasing bilateral cooperation between the two partners. At the end of each summit meeting, the joint declarations reveal the new agreements reached between the two sides, which draws the blueprint and directs further the future development for EU-China relations and also serve to clarify each other’s interests and concerns. (EU-China Observer, 2010). This dialogue have given the opportunities to both the partners to known about each other’s grievances and progress on any contested issue, however, still lot has to be done in this regard. On the other side the growing the threats of terrorism to both partners in general and world in particular have became great problem to world peace. Although EU have made peace building process and conflict resolution there priority in their international relations after Lisbon treaty 2009. EU had send many peace keeping missions to Kosovo, Libya, Georgia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Niger, Palestinian territories and some military missions to Somilia, Atalnta, Bosinia, Mali. Both China and EU can start a new dialogue process with the leaders of the conflict areas for peace as both are considered neutral that can help in solving these deadly problems. Also EU and China can help the poor countries of the world for the sustainable human resource development and economic activities by investing jointly the technology and the finances in these countries. Although now the annual summits held between the two global partners on the security situation in Asia, from non-proliferation to the control of small arms and light weapons, from global warming and climate change to the fight against illegal migration and trafficking in human beings but still lot have to be done. Bibliography: Action and the External Action Service,  Algieri, Franco (2002). â€Å"EU Economic Relations with China: An Institutionalist  Perspective†, The China Quarterly, No. 169, Catriona Gourlay, The European Union as Peacemaker – Enhancing EU Mediation Capacity,  European Policy Centre, Available at: EU-China Observer, 2010, issue 5, (available online www.coleurope.eu.). Europa press release (2003) â€Å"EU and China are set to collaborate on GALILEO, the  European global system of satellite navigation†, Foa, Roberto (2010), â€Å"The EU-China Relationship†, Published in the 21st Century  International Review, Francois Godement, (2010) â€Å"A Global China Policy†, ECFR Policy Brief 22, London. Fox, John and Franà §ois Godement, (2009). â€Å"A Power Audit of EU-China Relations†,  European Council on Foreign Relations, Joris Larik, The EU on the Global Stage after the Lisbon Treaty: External Kapur, Harish (1990), Distant Neigbours: China and Europe, London, New York: Pinter  Publishers. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 123, 11 May 1978. Philip Baker, (2002)â€Å"Human Rights, Europe and the People’s Republic of China†, The China  Quarterly, (1). Scott, David (2007), China and the EU: A Strategic Axis for the Twentyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ First Century?, in:  International Relations, Vol. 21, no. 1, 23à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢45. Shambaugh, David (2004), China and Europe: The Emerging Axis, in: Current History, 103,  243à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢248. Taube, Markus 2000, Die chinesische Volkswirtschaft zum Jahrhundertwechsel.  Entwicklungsstandund Perspek-tiven, Zeitschriftfiir Politik, No. 1 pp. 32-53. Wu Jianmin, (2007) Waijiao Anli (Case Studies in Diplomacy), Beijing: Renmin University  Press, Yahuda, Michael B. (1994), China and Europe. The Significance of a Secondary  Relationship, in: Thomas W. Robinson and David Shambaugh (eds), Chinese Foreign Policy:  Theory and Practice, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 266à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢288 Yves Dumas, (2009) â€Å"European NGOs calls on EU to Ensure Human Rights in China Before  2008 Olympics†, The Epoch Times, 15 May EU Statement, EU Ambassador to the World Trade Organisation Angelos Pangratis, Fourth Trade Policy Review of China, 12 and 14 June 2012. [1] â€Å"Globalization and interdependence†, Report of the Secretary-General, United Nations General Assembly, 31 August 2004.Cf Martin Wolf, Globalisation and Interdependence, (Available online) [2] Facts and figures on EU-China trade, Oct, 2013; http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2009/ september/tradoc_144591.pdf online [3] Karel De Gucht (7 June, 2013) EU-China Investment: A Partnership of Equals, European Commissioner for Trade, Brussels